Robinson Crusoe

This study guide will help you analyze the novel Robinson Crusoe (1719) by Daniel Defoe. You can also find a summary of the text, detailed characterizations, as well as inspiration for interpreting it and putting it into perspective.

 

Excerpt from the study guide: 

Robinson and Friday cautiously sneak near the cannibals and fire at them several times. Friday can aim better than Robinson. He proves to be a very good and brave fighter, who carries out Robinson's orders exactly. He kills several man-eaters. Robinson succeeds in freeing the Spanish prisoner, who then also fights on their side. A bloody battle follows.

Robinson, Friday, and the Spaniard are superior to the savages because of their weapons. Only four of the 21 cannibals are able to escape from the attack in a canoe. When Robinson frees one of the prisoners who was in a canoe during the fight, Friday recognizes his father’s voice. Friday is overjoyed when he sees his father again (Chapter 16, 68%).

Unlike Robinson, Friday can be very emotional and sometimes react exuberantly. His emotional temperament and enthusiasm appear clearly during the encounter with his father: “Friday kissed him, embraced him, hugged him, cried, laughed, hallooed, jumped about, danced, sang; then cried again, wrung his hands, beat his own face and head; and then sang and jumped about again like a distracted creature.” (Chapter 16, 68%)

The other rescued person is a Spanish sailor who was stranded with his crew on Friday's home island four years ago after a shipwreck. With the help of the strong and skillful Friday, Robinson manages to accommodate the two weakened guests in his castle. Here they are given food and shelter. The next day they bury their slain enemies.

Friday acts as an interpreter for his father and the Spaniard who has learned the language of the man-eaters. Friday's father does not believe that the cannibals who have fled can survive the storm, and even if they are still alive, he thinks they must believe they have been attacked by ghosts or gods.

Robinson plans to set sail for home together with the European sailors who live on Friday's island, but he fears being captured in the Spanish colonies. The Spaniard is now to sail with Friday's father to the neighboring island to negotiate with the sailors. It is several months before they make the journey. 

First Robinson sows barley and rice on a larger farmland so that he can feed the foreign sailors when they arrive and have enough provisions for the journey to Brazil together as well. They also cut down trees and saw planks to be able to build a larger boat. Only after all these preparations are done and there is enough food do the Spaniard and Friday's father set sail.

Friday's departure

The last part of the novel deals with the mutiny, the fight against the mutineers, and the recapture of the ship. In this part, Robinson and the captain take the main roles. Friday is only mentioned as a useful helper and supporter who carries out Robinson's exact orders diligently. Friday has developed tremendously since his arrival on the island and is now very adept at operating firearms.

At the end of the story, Friday lives the island with Robinson and travels to England with him.Robinson and Friday live in England for a while before Robinson, who is now married, is once again gripped by the desire to travel. Master and servant sail to a Pacific island. On this journey, Friday meets his death and perishes in a downpour of cannibals' arrows. Robinson recounts these events in Daniel Defoe's The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719).

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Robinson Crusoe

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